Timeline:
- 1968: Fall Joint Computer Conference in San Francisco, "mother of all demos." Demonstrated Augmented Research Center (ARC)'s work to date
- Demonstration = important within the world of tech for success in order for the public to understand new technologies --> "demo or die."
- Douglas Engelbart - demonstrates ARC technology with Bill English
- Live demos in public of interactive tech never occured before
- ARC eventually sold by Stanford Research Institution
- ARCs team eventually went to PARC --> Xerox/Apple/Microsoft ideas we currently have today about computing --> "user friendly" interface
- Engelbart's goal = multiple people working on problems simultaneously. Engelbart thought network was necessary (his ideas appreciated later on creation of Internet)
Chapter 17
Timeline:
- 1970: Software exhibition at the Jewish Museum in NYC organized by Jack Burnham. Visitors invited to demo computers
- 1970: Labyrinth: An Interactive Catalogue - Ned Woodman/Theodor H. Nelson
- 1969-70: Seek - The Architecture Machine Group, MIT - human interaction w/ computers using Gerbils
- 1969: Systems Burn-off X Residual Software - Les Levine
Summary:
- Computers at Software exhibition were buggy however, the exhibit was the first of its kind, and therefore a landmark in tech
- Exhibition had a catalog titled "Labyrinth" by Ted Nelson - first publicly accessible hypertext
- Goal of exhibit = focus on information processing systems
- "Burnham laid out a vision of new media art much more in line with how it is viewed today - neither a celebration of technology nor a condemnation, but an investigation, through implementation, of new shapes for the processes brought into the culture via computation." (248)
Chapter 18
Timeline:
- 1970: "Constituents of a Theory of the Media" - Hans Magnus Enzensberger
Summary:
- Theory of Media + New Left socialism - media without "intellectual property" and "heritage"
- Base = forces and relations of production, Superstructure = institutions (political systems, media etc.)
- Enzensberger - medias as "consciousness" industry. In order to promote positive change, he suggest we work with the media, as opposed to against it
- Enzensberger proposed a NEW kind of organization of media in order to create change
Chapter 19
Timeline:
- 1972: "Requiem for the Media" - Jean Baudrillard
Summary:
- Jean Baudrillard responds to Enzensberger's "Consituents of a Theory of the Media" - media serves a social function --> similar to McLuhan's "the medium is the message"
- true potential for change = refusing to a accept a model of producers and consumers
Chapter 20
Timeline:
- 1990's on: US overnment involved in privatizing the Internet in order to promote competition - the opposite happened
Summary:
- Flow - combination of commercials, programs, etc that make up the experience of watching tv - Raymond Williams
- Technological determinism - framing of tech's impact on culture (McLuhan)
- Doug Engelbart - "bootstrapping" = users constantly participate in in the definition and consturction of tools they as community use
- ICANN = "world trade org. of internet" - involves primarily corporate interests
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